Research Paper on Learning Theories Essay Example

Research Paper on Learning Theories Essay Learning theories present the conceptions of learning process. They describe the acquisition, processing, and retaining of information. Learning is an unobservable process of the cognitive structures reorganization. This process aims to acquire new knowledge, skills, attitudes or to alter existing. As a result we have lasting changes in behavior with a purpose of personal accommodation to the environment. The idea of transformative learning theory, being very old, claims that to learn, student must listen, follow, imitate, rehearse and apply. The knowledge taught in schools is presented as an object external to cognition. In addition, the teaching methods are largely designed to facilitate the learning usually in two preferred ways: verbal and visual. Currently, there are three main trends: the transformative learning theory, behaviorism and constructivism. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Learning Theories specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Learning Theories specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Learning Theories specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to behaviorism, learning is a change in behavior caused by stimuli from the environment. Burrhus F Skinner (1904-1990) was an American psychologist who developed this approach and took it as a fundament for his pedagogical practice. Learning can be achieved by the use of rewards called â€Å"positive reinforcement† and punishments called â€Å"negative reinforcement.† This procedure is called â€Å"operant conditioning†. Skinner criticized the traditional teaching methods based mainly on negative reinforcement and suggested replacing them with positive reinforcement. Cognitive psychology that has developed from the 60s, gradually superseded the behaviorist theory. Cognitive psychologists try to understand what happens in the black box of the human psyche. The subject does not merely assimilate raw data: it selects and formats. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) affirmed that in his intellectual development child goes through different stages: sensorimotor intelligence (birth to two years) pre-logical or symbolic intelligence (two years to eight years) concrete operational intelligence (seven years to twelve years) operative or formal intelligence (from twelve), which gives real access to abstraction: a child is able to reason about a problem making assumptions a priori. According to Piaget, this sequence is both genetically determined and depends on the subject’s activity on the environment. For those who writes their research paper on learning theories it is also important to mention historic-cultural approach of Russian psychologist Vygotsky, who believed that thought and consciousness are determined by the activities carried out with congeners determined in a social environment. The researches must also explain the theory of transformative learning, which describes how individual revise and reinterpret meaning. If you are eager to write a first-class research proposal on learning theories you have to study free sample research papers on the subject. They will demonstrate you the structure of proper scientific work and give you an idea how decently present your thoughts on paper. These free examples may be especially useful for the beginners, who are about to write their first research paper. CAUTION! As far as you know all free research paper samples and research proposal examples on Learning Theories are 100% plagiarized!!! At EssayLib.com custom writing service you can order a custom research paper on Learning Theories topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all paper details: Enjoy our professional research paper writing service!

The pros cons of using the atomic bomb essays

The pros cons of using the atomic bomb essays The Pros During wartime, horrible atrocities against all of humanity must be dealt with. Crimes against humanity, as never witnessed before, and hopefully to never be seen again, occurred during the course of World War II. The security of our nation and of other allied nations was severely threatened, not only by the Germans, but also by the Japanese. The Japanese were a strong people willing to fight till it was no longer possible. It may even be said that they were suicidal, with their kamikaze pilots and no real hope of defeating the allied nations. America has always, and most likely will always place a high value on American lives. In order to protect these lives and to insure that the world is safe for democracy, American leaders had to make a very tough decision, whether or not to drop the atomic bomb on Japan. This act would essentially be trading Japanese lives for American lives. The Japanese, who were the aggressors, much like the Germans, were not sympathized with. They were res ponsible for hundreds of thousands of American casualties in the Pacific, including the unprovoked attack on Pearl Harbor. With Japanese forces showing no signs of surrender, American leaders made a decision. A decision that changed the history of warfare forever. On the week of August 6, 1945, the first and the last atomic bombs ever used during war were unleashed against Japan, vaporizing two of its largest cities. The act of dropping these bombs can be considered a great act against humanity, and rightfully so. Any act of war that will slaughter hundreds of thousands of people should be considered a crime against humanity. However, if we had not dropped the bomb on Japan, how many Americans would have been killed attempting to invade the Japanese mainland? Some estimates are as high as half a million, some lower but almost all of the estimat ...

Marketing part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing part 1 - Essay Example It also has flights that carry luggage over a short distance especially when dealing with perishable goods. The market segment of Qantas airline is divided into two: The domestic segmentation and the international segmentation. The international segmentation of the company aims at reaching customers all over the world. The main targeted customers are people who travel overseas country for business trips or vacations. It targets international travelers who are the major target of the company. Such include business people and individuals who love travelling across the globe. The second target is the domestic segment which involves offering airline services to people within the country. The services are offered to people who travel over various areas in the country and people travelling for vacations. Qantas has lowered the prices of this segment making it accessible for the local people. The travels involve short hours, unlike the international travels. The features of the airline do not offer many services because they operate at short hours with a maximum of 3 hours. The company provides a wide selection of services which it offers to its customers. The company offers comfortable and reliable flights to its customers especially in the long-hour flights. The company is diverse and offers both domestic and international aviation services to its customers making it more competitive in the market share. It can meet the need of both the local people and international travelers something that a number of airlines in Australia have not been able to offer. The company also has a strong backbone that supports its activities. The fiscal position of the company is stable enough to support all of its operations. It also uses the most recent technology to make its services more convenient and of quality. The company also has a good technical support which ensures

Visual Arts - Art and Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Visual Arts - Art and Technology - Essay Example Art plays an important role in the cultural development of the society. People need a medium to voice their opinions, and sometimes words are not enough to incite a feeling of content/discontent or different thinking. This is where art plays a major role, where it helps to instigate and incite feelings about abstract things in life which have a very basic purpose, but at the same time are very important and which have been forgotten in the cloud of corporatization and commercialization of human values and dignity. Art is a human expression which defies boundaries, caters to every aspect of human emotions, and envisages an idea which might seem different and alien at that time, but on the other hand it looks for the future, a time when we would not have artificial inhibitions protruding our desires. Art is a beautiful form of expression, and at the same time it can also serve to be an expression of an evil mind, but still, even at that particular time, it is serving for something inno cent or understandably non committal which just flows out of the mind and spreads on the canvas. So the next question which needs to be answered is how much influence has art played on the people and the society? The theme which has been picked for this part is technology and its advancements. The essay shall analyse the technological advancements and how art has played a role in shaping technology drastically. Technology has been regarded as a medium where in the past, there was very less scope for art to progress. It was said by many people that something which relates to circuit boards and engine, chips and floppy disks cannot be painted on a canvas, or cannot be designed in such a way that the human eye meets beauty. Then came Apple; a company founded by Steve Jobs, a man who looked at things extremely differently. Steve Jobs propagated the idea of technology being merged with art. According to him, a gadget was considered to be a piece of beauty which could be constructed in an artistry form, and be more appreciable to the consumer, rather than having a bulky looking machine with intimidating features. The Macintosh was released in 1984. The year marked the first time that people saw a computer equipped with a Graphical User Interface. The computer was extremely easy to use and consisted of a mouse which was never seen before. It was a machine which could be used and operated by people in their houses and for their daily personal basis, not necessarily inviting people belonging to corporate honchos exclusively. The Mac was a favourite among the consumers. It was small, not bulky, consisted of an interface which was as artistic as the hardware, the chips were placed in a beautiful order even though one could not see them, the casing was completely cubical, the mouse was small and fitted a human hand, and the floppy disk was right below the screen so it was easy to navigate. All these features made the Mac an artistic product which deserved its place in the Museum of Modern Art. The product signified technology and consumerism. It stated that even technological gadgets could be artistic in nature, and that it dwelled in the culture of technology and development, where it was identified as a piece of human development, with the advent of personal computers we were now venturing into a new territory which now seemed inevitable since everyone uses a computer to accomplish their daily tasks, and the Mac was the

Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson proved that institutions are the Essay

Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson proved that institutions are the ultimate cause of economic development. Do you agree - Essay Example As a result, in societies where political and economic power has been distributed for a long time on a consistent basis, institutions are usually path-reliant. This occurs even in societies where the institutions are socioeconomically below the optimal standards of operation. Acemoglu et al. (2001:1395) state that many scientists and economists hold that contrasts in institutions and government policies are the primary causes of huge disparities in income per capita among countries. They further claim that contrasts in colonial experience may be a genesis of exogenous disparities in institutions. This claim is based on two logics. The first is that Europeans employed very different strategies when colonizing other nations, and these strategies spawned different institutions. On one hand, such as in New Zealand, America, and Australia, they established institutions that implemented the rule of law and promoted investment. On the other hand, in countries like Ghana (Gold Coast) and the Congo, they established exploitative regimes aimed at quickly extracting resources. These institutions impeded economic growth and investment. Secondly, the institutions established in both extremes of the world remain in place today and have led to the differences in econom ic development and stability of the affected countries (Acemoglu, Johnson, & Robinson, 2001:1395). According to Acemoglu et al. (2002:572), Atlantic trade catalysed European growth via ancillary institutional media as well as its more pertinent root effects. However, the crux of their argument, which relates to this paper, is that Atlantic trade earned huge profits for merchant interests in favour of institutional reform in states that satisfied two vital preconditions: democratic initial institutions and convenient access to the Atlantic. The result was a shift in political influence away from the

Causes of the American Civil War

Causes of the American Civil War The United States maintain their position of the world as the strongest, most influential country for many decades. Observing their history closely, we can see that they had gone through many ups and downs, and harsh yet necessary battles within the nation and with other countries. In order to examine the Civil War and reconstruction of the United States, we need to understand the causes of the war, what happened during the war, and the changes that the war had brought. I believe that the Civil War of 1861 played a significant role in building the stronger nation; likewise, I will discuss three major causes of the war which are the slavery, the conflicts between the North and South states, and the Presidential election of 1860 describe how dreadful the war was, and how the slavery, the relationship among the states, and the economic and political situation changed after the war. Moreover, I will present my own views on the Civil war. First, the slavery was one of the greatest causes of the Civil War. The Slavery in all across North America has had existed for 168 years. Eventually, by 1804, most of the Northern states abolished slavery institution, but the invention of cotton gin in 1793 increased the use of slaves in the South and the slavery became very important for the South. Before the Civil War, the tension between the North and the South was invested in Slavery. The North was insisting that America should become free country and need to industrialize the South. On the other hand, the South was opposing the North by being pro-slavery for their agricultural industry. The U.S. Constitution was clearly permitting slavery even though the document did not include the words slaves and slavery. For example, in U.S. Constitution Section 2 of Article IV said held to Service or Labor in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another (Constitution On Slavery). It shows the fugitive slaves must be returned to their owners. Moreover, the Bill of Rights in 1791 did not mention about slavery, yet on the Fifth Amendment, it says Be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law (Constitution On Slavery). According to the Fifth Amendment, the slaveholders were given an absolute right to take their property with them. Since the slaves were equaled properties, they could take their slaves even to the free Northern states. It developed into negative conflicts between the North and the South. However, America gained huge part of the West from the victory in the War with Mexico, including California, Utah Territory and New Mexico Territory. In Addition, the amount of gold that was discovered in California was huge and it led the Gold Rush in America, which did not last for long. The issue of whether the new states in the West should be opened to slavery or should be free from the slavery brought a big political confusion. The state of California was extremely important for the both powers. The North was asserting completely opposite opinions from that of the South. Since California got so much richer quickly, if the slavery in California got abolished, the South states would significantly lose their political and economic power. In contrast, if the slavery got permitted and protected by the federal government, the South states would be able to gain more power. The South was saying that they would leave the Union if California becomes a free state. Eventually, the issue drove the South to assert their opinion, which was to elect two different presidents between the North and the South The old compromiser Henry Clay addressed the Compromise of 1850 in order to keep the peace between the two different powers. Clay, Calhoun, and Webster proposed that California should be admitted as a free state, and while the slave holding could be legally admitted, the Slave trade should be abolished in Washington D.C. For the South states, they offered stronger fugitive slave act, which was to return the runaway slaves back to their owners by using force. Also, the other new territories in the west such as New Mexico and Utah were opened to slavery (Keesee 265). The Compromise of 1850 was debated for around 8 months and finally passed. The president Taylor disagreed with the Compromise, saying that it could divide the territories and extend slavery. His anticipation turned into reality when the fugitive slave act brought a counter result, awakening people in the North about the slavery issue. Likewise, the Whigs party changed their name as the Republicans. After the Compromise of 1850, another controversy arose when the Kansas-Nebraska Act was proposed. Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois envisioned constructing a transcontinental railroad which connects the East and the West, and the railroad had to go through the unorganized part of the Louisiana Purchase. When the region required an organized government for the construction, many Southerners resisted territorial organization; hence, Douglas sought to win Southern support for his railroad by a clever piece of legislation (Keesee 270), which was the Kansas-Nebraska Act. The Act stated that Kansas and Nebraska states would choose on the status of slavery for themselves, and the Southerners welcomed this idea because they want to expand the slavery. Also, the South and the North both wanted those states in order to gain more power in the House of Representatives. The Kansas-Nebraska Act resulted in two events which eventually destroyed Democratic dominance of American politics: the rise of the Republican Party and a virtual civil war in Kansas (Keesee 270). In an attempt to win the region, proslavery border ruffians from Missouri and antislavery free-staters clashed in Kansas. On May 21, 1856, border ruffians ransacked the town of Lawrence, Kansas, which was known to be a staunch free-state area. (Martin), and the fighting known as Bleeding Kansas had begun. The brutal attack happened in Lawrence triggered another outrageous event. One of the most publicized events that occurred in Kansas was Brooks-Sumner Episode (Keesee 272). In Washington D.C., Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts, representing the angry North, made a speech that apparently disdaining and criticizing Andrew Butler, a senator of South Carolina. As a consequence, Preston Brooks, a relative of Butlers, got angry and confronted Sumner. Brooks hit him repeatedly with a cane (Keesee 272) and Sumner got badly injured. This scandalous event worsened the conflicts between the North and the South, and led to a violent solution. Furthermore, the event which finally triggered the Civil War was the Election of 1860. The Presidential Election of 1860 contained four presidential candidates from different parties: Stephan Douglas, John C. Breckinridge, Abraham Lincoln and John Bell. The Northern Democrats nominated Stephan Douglas and the Southern Democrats nominated John C. Breckinridge. John Bell was nominated by the Constitutional Union Party. In the end, Abraham Lincoln who was representing the Republicans got the most votes. When Lincoln got elected as the President of the U.S., the secession began. Leaders in the Deep South had insisted that if Lincoln won, they would not submit themselves to what they considered a hostile, strictly Northern party; likewise they would secede, or leave the Union (Keesee 280). On December 20th of 1860, the first Ordinance of Secession began by South Carolina. South Carolina declared independency by leaving the Union, and other Southern states considered following South Carolinas path. Ultimately, the 10 other states from the South joined South Carolina by 1861, under the name of Confederate States of America [C.S.A]. Jefferson Davis, a Senator from Mississippi was elected as the president of C.S.A. Southern diarist Mary Boykin Chesnut wrote, We are divorced, North and South, because we have hated each other so (South Carolina Secedes). Secondly, as the Union and the Confederates were separated, they began the bloodiest war of the U.S. History. The Union was willing to force the Confederates to rejoin, but the Confederates kept refusing. However, on March 5, 1861, the Fort Sumter in Charlestown Harbor, South Carolina was in need of supplies. Abraham Lincoln was notified by Robert Anderson, the Commander of the Fort, saying that they had less than a six week supply of food left in fort (Fort Sumter). In Addition, the Fort Sumter was located in C.S.A. governed area, so the Confederates wanted the Fort to be evacuated. Consequently, the General P.G.T. Beauregard, the Commander of Charlestown was ordered by Confederate government to clear out the Fort. Anderson announced to Beauregard that the Fort will evacuate by noon on April 15 unless the additional supplies arrive. Beauregard replied that the announcement was unacceptable and stated that their guns will no longer hold fire more than an hour. On April 12th, 1861, the Confederate soldiers began to fire, and even though the Fort did not have enough supplies of food nor guns, they bravely defended over 30 hours. At last, they surrendered and went back to the North. (Fort Sumter) The battle was not slaughter because the soldiers from both sides did not die or seriously injured; however, the Battle of Fort Sumter significantly gave rise to the most slaughter and violent war of U.S. History. The Civil War began with the Battle of Fort Sumter. As the time passed on, the War got more violent and serious. Brothers killed each other and thousands of men died. The War had numerous battles yet the Battle of Gettysburg was the most significant battle of all. Lincoln addressed the Union army to surround the little town of Gettysburg in order to defend the Confederates. On July 1st, 1864, the Battle began. General Robert E. Lee was in charge of the Union army and Maj. Gen. George Gordon Meade was in charge of the Confederate army. On the first day of the battle, Union army was forced to retreat to south of Gettysburg. Moreover, they retreated up to the hills, which gave them an important advantage to possibly win the battle. On the third day, the Union army ruled the battle by successfully defending Confederates sudden attack with 12,500 soldiers. The Confederates were defeated and retreated to Virginia (Borade). Eventually, the Union won the battle by pushing the Confederates back to the South. In fact, both sides had close number of casualties. As a result, 51,000 casualties from both side and 28,000 were Confederates (Kelly). It was the bloodiest battle of all the other battles during the Civil War. Also, it was the climax of the War and a key battle for the Union to conclude the whole War. On April 3, Richmond fell to Union troops as Robert E. Lee led his Army of Northern Virginia in retreat to the West pursued by Grant and the Army of the Potomac. A running battle ensued as each Army moved farther to the West in an effort to oust flank, or prevent being out flanked by the enemy. Finally, on April 7, General Grant initiated a series of dispatches leading to a meeting between the two commanders (Surrender at Appomattox, 1865). According to the text, Lee eventually retreated back to the South and finally gave up on the Civil War. On April 9th, 1865, Lee and Grant met at Appomattox Court House. Grant suggested Lee to surrender and offered a chance to surrender with honor. The Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered 26,765 troops of the Army of Northern Virginia with honor (Lee Surrenders to Grant at Appomattox, Ending Civil War). Thirdly, on 1865, the congress passed the 13th Amendment which abolished slavery. The victory of the Union gave them power to free all the blacks across America. The government of U.S. had to reconstruct the whole country. Unfortunately, they faced other difficulties on legislating laws to give full citizen ships to the all freed blacks. Confederate defeat and the end of slavery brought far-reaching changes in the lives of all Southerners. The destruction of slavery led inevitably to conflict between blacks seeking to breathe substantive meaning into their freedom by asserting their independence from white control, and whites seeking to retain as much as possible of the old order. The meaning of freedom itself became a point of conflict in the Reconstruction South. Former slaves relished the opportunity to flaunt their liberation from the innumerable regulations of slavery. Immediately after the Civil War, they sought to give meaning to freedom by reuniting families separated under slavery, establishing their own churches and schools, seeking economic autonomy, and demanding equal civil and political rights (Americas Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War). The slaves got the freedom and privileges that they always dreamed about, but they also faced on the harsh discriminations. The increasing discriminations were the white Southerners response to the end of slavery. The discriminations were getting seriously violence and the Ku Klux Klan appeared in 1866. Schools, churches, and other community institutions, symbols of black freedom, became the targets of violence, as well as private homes and individual African-Americans (Americas Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War). It was not easy for the nation to combine together again when they were separated and had the bloodiest War in the history. During the Reconstruction period, President Andrew Johnsons plan was rejected by the Congress. Eventually, the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 was passes over President Johnsons veto on March 2nd. Johnsons veto of these measures moved many moderates into the radical camp, and inaugurated a bitter conflict over control of Reconstruction policy, which culminated in 1868 when he was nearly removed from office by impeachment (Americas Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War). The 14th Amendment and the 15th Amendment were each ratified on 1868 and 1870 by the Congress. By the end of the Reconstruction, when Souths violent discriminations and terrorisms would not stop, the North retreated from having responsibility of equality. After the War, the North was on the way with industrial revolution. The Civil War resulted differently in the North than in the South. Unexpectedly, their economy apparently benefited from the War. Instead of fighting in battles, they had rebuilding to do. There were new markets for products used by the Union Army. Northern factories were producing more than ever before. Booming factories meant that bankers and investors were making profits. This money supported new inventions and better ways to produce goods. New technologies sprouted from this period of growth. While the Civil War was in progress, Cyrus Fields of Massachusetts developed the first trans-Atlantic telegraph cable. The cable was laid on the ocean floor in 1866. At this same time, Christopher Sholes invented the typewriter. Alexander Bell developed the telephone, testing it successfully in 1876. Thomas Edison was experimenting with the phonograph and the light bulb. Both these inventions were made public in the 1870s as well. During the war, the need for weapons and other metal products had caused a boost in steel production. Raw materials were plentiful. Now, mining and refining of metals became the backbone of Northern industry. (Robinson) Nowadays, people think of America as a country full of freedom. Slavery was a terrible condition and nobody wanted to be under the condition. The Civil War ended and brought freedom to nearly 8 million slaves. It also brought a dramatic transition from slavery to citizen ship. The Civil War was inevitable and necessary since there were the anti-slavery Northerners and the pro-slavery Southerners existed in the same country. Slavery must have been banned because all human beings are created equally and should be treated equally. The United States 16th President Abraham Lincoln said, As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master. This expresses my idea of democracy (LINCOLNS DEFINITION OF DEMOCRACY As He Would Not Be a Slave, So He Would Not Be a Master. Article NYTimes.com). Lincoln was elected in the year of 1860. He was also the President of the Union side and kept his position during the Civil war. He was legendary and famously known as the Father of the United States of America. People say that Abraham Lincoln blew in freedom to the country by purposing freedom of the slaves. In Conclusion, The Civil War was caused because of the slavery, numerous conflicts between the North and the South and the Secession of 11 States eventually caused by the Election of 1860. I believe that the Civil War of 1861 played a significant role in building the stronger nation because it gave freedom to the country by freeing slaves, the outer conflicts between the North and South states were concluded by Unions victory, and the War affected positively on the Industrial Revolution of the America. By observing the Civil War, we can learn that the War within the nation night be necessary in building stronger and more stable nation. In fact, the United States of America has the strongest position in the world now.

Holes :: essays research papers

Holes Stanley Yelnats, a boy who has bad luck due to a curse placed on his great- great-grandfather, is sent to Camp Green Lake, a juvenile detention camp, for a crime he did not commit. Stanley and the other boys at the camp are forced to dig large holes in the dirt every day. Stanley eventually realizes that they are digging these holes because the Warden is searching for something. As Stanley continues to dig holes and meet the other boys at the camp, the narrator intertwines three separate stories to reveal why Stanley's family has a curse and what the Warden is looking for. When he was a boy, Stanley's great-great-grandfather, Elya Yelnats, received a pig from Madame Zeroni, a gypsy, in exchange for a promise. Elya's promise was that after the pig grew strong he would carry Madame Zeroni, who only had one leg, up a mountain and sing her a song that she had taught him. After becoming disillusioned with the girl he thought he loved, however, Elya hops a boat to America, forgetting his promise to Madame Zeroni. Elya marries and has a child in America and always thinks about Madame Zeroni, who he believes has cursed him because of his failure to fulfill his promise. He knows that Madame Zeroni's son lives in America, but Elya never finds him. One hundred and ten years before Stanley arrives at Camp Green Lake, the town of Green Lake is a beautiful place where peach trees bloom throughout the spring. In this Texas town, the schoolteacher, Katherine Barlow, falls in love with Sam, the onion seller. Sam sells onions to eat and to use for medicinal purposes. While Katherine and Sam are alive, racism is institutionalized in the United States and it is against the law for a black man to kiss a white woman. Because Sam is black and Katherine is white, the people in the town become irate when they find that Katherine and Sam have kissed. Charles, or Trout, Walker, the richest man in town has always wanted to marry Katherine. He is already mad that Katherine does not wish to go out with him so when he finds out that she is in love with Sam he gathers the townspeople to burn the schoolhouse and attack Sam. Katherine seeks help from the local sheriff but instead finds that the sheriff, who makes lewd advances towards her, also wants to kill Sam.

Efficiency Increasing System by Using Preheating Method Essay

EFFICIENCY INCREASING SYSTEM BY USING PREHEATING METHOD METHODOLOGY The concept of increasing the fuel efficiency of a petrol engine in this project, is to pre-heat the intake air which is flowing through the carburetor. The humidity in the atmospheric air affects the petrol vapourisation in the carburettor. Therefore, by pre-heating the inlet air to the carburettor for a considerable amount, the vapourisation can be ease and in turn complete combustion is achieved. Moreover by reducing the water vapour to the engine, the steam formation in the engine can be reduced pitting of the engine cylinder, piston and exhaust pipe. Reference: http://seminarprojects.com/Thread-efficiency-increasing-system-by-using-preheating-method#ixzz2elrJlavP Most of the cars in today’s market give a maximum of 30 to 40 miles per gallon and hybrid cars giving upto 50 miles per gallon. The efficiency of Internal Combustion Engines used for this purpose is very low, about 25%. The heat generated during the combustion of fuel is converted into work to drive the car is wasted to the atmosphere, as anti-freeze(Ethylene Glycol) is used to cool the engine and circulated through a radiator which transfers the heat to the atmosphere. The heat generated by combustion of fuel such as gasoline or diesel is converted into the work because of the pressure created by the combustion process. In this invention, the heat is recovered by pre-heating/pressurizing the fresh air used for the process of combustion. The temperature of the pre-heated fresh air used for combustion is increased to above 1400 degrees Fahrenheit by passing through a heat exchanger to recover heat from combustible gases. Fresh air for combustion is heated to about 1400 degrees Fahrenheit. According to Thermodynamic Laws, by heating the air in a closed space with constant volume at room temperature to 1600 degrees F., the pressure is increased about to 50 psi. In order to have a higher pressure, the fresh air is first compressed upto 100 psi before passing through a heat exchanger. This will give the available working pressure of about 350 psi before

Competitive Improv Theater Games for Improv Actors

Competitive Improv Theater Games for Improv Actors Most improvisational activities are guided by a very loose format. Actors might be given a location or a situation in which to create a scene. For the  most part, they have the freedom to make up their own characters, dialogue, and actions. Improv comedy groups play each scene in hopes of generating laughter. More serious acting troupes create realistic improvisational scenes. There are, however, many challenging improv games that are competitive in nature. They are judged usually by a moderator, host, or even the audience. These types of games generally put a lot of restrictions on the performers, resulting in a great deal of fun for the viewers. Some of the most entertaining competitive improvisation games are: The Question GameAlphabetWorld’s Worst Remember: Although these games are competitive by design, they are meant to be performed in the spirit of comedy and camaraderie. The Question Game In Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, the two bumbling protagonists wander through Hamlet’s rotten Denmark, amusing themselves with a combative â€Å"question game.† It’s a sort of verbal tennis match. Stoppard’s clever play demonstrates the basic idea of the Question Game: create a scene in which two characters speak only in questions. How to Play:  Ask the audience for a location. Once the setting is established, the two actors begin the scene. They must speak only in questions. (Normally one question at a time.) No sentences ending with a period – no fragments – just questions. Example: LOCATION: A popular theme park.Tourist: How do I get to the water ride?Ride Operator: First time at Disneyland?Tourist: How can you tell?Ride Operator: Which ride did you want?Tourist: Which one makes the biggest splash?Ride Operator: Are you ready to get soaking wet?Tourist: Why else would I be wearing this raincoat?Ride Operator: Do you see that big ugly mountain down yonder?Tourist: Which one? And so it continues. It might sound easy, but continually coming up with questions that progress the scene is quite challenging for most performers. If the actor says something that is not a question, or if they continually repeat questions (â€Å"What did you say?† â€Å"What did you say again?†), then the audience is encouraged to make a â€Å"buzzer† sound effect. The â€Å"loser† who failed to properly respond sits down. A new actor joins the competition. They can continue using the same location/situation or a new setting can be established. Alphabet This game is ideal for performers with a knack for alphabetization. The actors create a scene in which each line of dialogue begins with a certain letter of the alphabet. Traditionally, the game starts off with an â€Å"A† line. Example: Actor #1: All right, our first annual comic book club meeting is called to order.Actor #2: But I’m the only one wearing a costume.Actor #1: Cool.Actor #2: Does it make me look fat?Actor #1: Excuse me, but what’s the name of your character?Actor #2: Fat man.Actor #1: Good, then it suits you. And it continues all the way through the alphabet. If both actors make it to the end, then it’s usually considered a tie. However, if one of the actors flubs up, the audience members make their judgmental â€Å"buzzer† sound, and the actor at fault leaves the stage to be replaced by a new challenger. Normally, the audience supplies the location or the relationship of the characters. If you tire of always beginning with the letter â€Å"A† the audience can randomly select a letter for the performers to begin with. So, if they receive the letter â€Å"R† they would work their way through â€Å"Z,† go to â€Å"A† and end with â€Å"Q.† Ugh, it’s starting to sound like algebra! World’s Worst This is less an improv exercise and more of an â€Å"instant punch-line† game. Although it’s been around a long time, â€Å"World’s Worst† was made popular by the hit show, Whose Line Is It Anyway? In this version, 4 to 8 actors stand in a line facing the audience. A moderator gives random locations or situations. The performers come up with the world’s most inappropriate (and incredibly humorous) thing to say. Here are some examples from Whose Line Is It Anyway: World’s Worst thing to say on your first day in prison: Who here loves to crochet?World’s Worst thing to say on a romantic date: Let’s see. You had the Big Mac. That’s two dollars you owe me.World’s Worst thing to say at a Major Award Ceremony: Thank you. As I accept this major award, I’d like to thank everyone I’ve ever met. Jim. Sarah. Bob. Shirley. Tom, etc. If the audience responds positively, then the moderator can give the performer a point. If the joke generates boos or groans, then the moderator may want to good-naturedly take points away. Note: Veteran improv performers know that these activities are meant to entertain. There aren’t really winners or losers. The whole purpose is to have fun, make the audience laugh, and sharpen your improve skills. However, young performers might not understand this. If you are a drama teacher or a youth theater director, consider the maturity level of your actors before trying these activities.

Technology and Television Child Obesity essays

Technology and Television Child Obesity essays Technology and Television: Child Obesity The children of today are becoming more obese, for the fact that they are obtaining laziness. They are spending more time in front of the television then they are getting their daily exercise. Their growing bodies need exercise to lose baby fat before it gets to be a serious problem. The growth of technology has formed a major impact on the obesity of todays children. This technology has substituted normal childhood play exercises with computer games that take less physical effort. Because of technology in today's society the problem with child obesity has become tremendously intensified. First, what is child obesity? The term child obesity means a child is a person between birth and puberty and obese is extremely fat: corpulent(The American Heritage Dictionary 265,856). This disease is caused due to a lack of exercise and over-eating by a child. Child obesity can cause many medical problems for a child that suffers from such a disease. Obesty is a widespread disease that is growing incredibly worse as technology increases. Furthermore, it is obvious that the lack of exercise has a major part to do with child obesity; scientists blame the television for a substitute to outdoor sports. Kids are spending more time watch television than they are doing physical activities. The findings strongly support the notion that the most important lifestyle factor in childhood obesity is television watching(Monmaney). The television brings the childs imagination to life, giving them entertainment to do without the running and exercising of outdoor sports. The more television a child watches the more obese the child will get. Next, the problem is getting so out of hand that the government is going to have to start getting involved. Satcher and Shirley Watkins, the undersecretary of agriculture for food, nutrition and consumer services said that, "'TV inc...

Explaining a Technical Concept or Management Issue Essay

Explaining a Technical Concept or Management Issue - Essay Example Some of them note that our target include home owners and business owners, answers that are all too general to define our real target customers. Being an interior design company that has recently been established, it is important that our marketers exactly know who to target during market campaigns and in all marketing activities. Having been in the market for a relatively short duration, the company needs to establish a niche for itself especially if it has to succeed in the competitive household goods market. It is for this reason that I saw the need to prepare this report; to discuss what target marketing is and to recommend how we can apply it in the business. Definition of Target Marketing Target marketing, micro-marketing or niche marketing involves portioning a market into segments and concentrating marketing efforts on a few main segments or just one segment according to Kurtz (6). Target marketing does not mean that the business excludes individuals who do not fit into the e stablished criteria from purchasing the business products. A target market comprises a group of customers that an organization has decided to concentrate its marketing efforts on and therefore its products towards. ... Demographic segmentation on the other hand involves segmenting the market according to age, gender, education, stage in life, income or other demographic features. Psychographic segmentation on its part involves segmenting the market based on individuals’ lifestyles, values, and attitudes. While there are several other factors that can be used in segmenting a market, the aforementioned factors are most commonly considered. Target marketing is different from general marketing in which case the entire market is targeted by a business in its marketing endeavors (Cohen 27). As an example, Hewlett-Packard, the multinational company that makes electronic devices and computers targets its all-in-one (fax, scan, print) machines at segments of the home office market. The company on the other hand targets more expensive single function units at larger organizations. Importance of Target or Niche Marketing Establishing a well-defined target market is key to an organization’s marke ting strategy according to Pinson and Jinnett (52). Better stated, target marketing can be key to an organization’s success. When an organization engages in target marketing, pricing, promotion, distribution of its products becomes easier and more effective in terms of cost. This it does by focusing all the marketing activities that the business engages in. When an organization markets its products or services to a general market hoping to get a bigger slice of the market, it is as good as firing 10 bullets randomly in different directions when hunting game. This is dangerous and extremely expensive. On the other hand, when target marketing is applied, the situation is analogous to aiming a single mark which is cost effective and potentially gainful.

Cessationism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cessationism - Essay Example Depending on their level of belief against spiritual gifts, cessationists may be divided into four groups, classical, concentric, consistent and full cessationists. In general, cessationists believe that cessation ended with the end of the apostolic era; beginning on the day of Pentecost and ending when the last apostle died to the fulfilment of the purpose of God in history1. In other words, cessationists believe that miraculous activities were purposely meant to authenticate the church and to aid its stable establishment2. According to the Bible (Exodus 4:1-8), Moses was given the power to perform extraordinary works in order to establish his ministry before Pharaoh as being authentic. In a similar manner, Elijah before Ahab authenticated his ministry as noted in 1 Kings 17:1 and 18:24-25. In the New Testament, the book of Acts, the apostles performed miracle acts after they were filled with the Holy Ghost in replication of Jesus’ works. In general, many authors have agreed that biblically, miracles may be clustered according to periods; Moses, the prophets including Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel, among others, the first coming of Jesus, and the Second coming of Christ3. However, the bible is silent in certain periods which may not mean that miracles did not happen at such times. Citing scriptures such as Ephesians 2:20 and 1Corinthians 13: 8-10 and works written by people in ancient periods such as Justin Martyr, Augustine, Clement of Rome, and Origen among others, Cessationists make their claims against the existence of miracles today4. However, a close analysis of these claims reveal that they go against the teachings of the bible concerning the continuation of spiritual gifts as stated in Romans 11:29. While Cessationists in their different categories believe that God still has the power to perform miracles through humans, this never happens in the current day noting that God’s mission of establishing a stable church has been